Tuthmosis III, "Manahpi (r) O" in the Amarna letters
Thutmose III statue in the Luxor Museum
Pharaoh
King 1479--1425 BC (Eighteenth Dynasty)
Salaf Hatshepsut (aunt and stepmother)
Khalifa Amenhotep II (son)
Property Record
Consort Satiah, Hatshepsut-Meritri, Neptune, Mini, Multi, Man hit, Nipsemi
Children Amenemhat, Amenhotep II, Ketamon, ESET, Mnkhibri, Meritamon, Meretamon, Neptune, Nefertiti, Simon
Father Tuthmosis the Second
Or adjust
Born 1481 BC
Died 1425 BC (56 years)
KV34 buried
Cleopatra needle effects
Obelisk of Tuthmosis the Third, at the base showing Theodosius I (Roman Emperor, 379--395). The obelisk stands among the ruins of the hippodrome in the former capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople, now Istanbul, Turkey. In 390, Theodosius placed the obelisk in three pieces and brought it to Constantinople. Only the top, standing today where it is placed, remains on a marble base.
Tuthmosis III (Ancient Egyptian: / twenty.ms / Djehuty'mes, meaning "born Thoth" or "born Thoth" also known as Tuthmosis III or Thoth is was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Officially, Thutmose III ruled Egypt for approximately 54 years and his rule usually dates from 24 April 1479 BC to 11 March 1425 BC, from the age of two until his death at the age of 56; however, during the first 22 years of his reign , Was a nucleus with stepmother and aunt, Hatshepsut, who was named Pharaoh. While it was first shown to surviving relics, both were assigned the usual royal names and insignia and no clear seniority was given to the other Tuthmosis served as head of the armies of Hatshepsut. [Doubtful - Discuss] During the last two years of his reign, he appointed his son and successor, Amenhotep the Second, as a junior partner. His eldest son and heir to the throne, Amenemhat, died Tuthmosis III.
Pharaoh becomes the only ruler in the kingdom after the death of Tuthmosis II and Hatshepsut established the largest empire Egypt had ever seen. At least 17 expeditions were conducted and he conquered territory from the Nea Kingdom in northern Syria to the fourth waterfall of the Nile in Nubia.
a family
Part of the wall block. The hieroglyphs of Ibn Ra are woven on a cartridge named Tuthmosis the Third. Eighteenth Dynasty. from Egypt. Petri Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, London
Tuthmosis III is the son of Tuthmosis II by a secondary wife, Iset. [6] His father's great royal wife was Queen Hatshepsut. Her daughter, Nefur, was Tuthmosis's half-sister.
When Tuthmosis II died, Tuthmosis III was too young to rule. Hatshepsut became his ruler, and soon became his partner, and shortly thereafter declared him to be the pharaoh while the king was never deprived of Thutmose III. Thutmose III had little power over the empire while Hatshepsut exercised the official title of the monarchy. Its base was very prosperous and characterized by great progress. When Tuthmosis III reached an appropriate age and showed power, he appointed him to head its armies. [citation needed]. 🏹
Tuthmosis III had several wives:
Satya: Maybe she was the eldest son's mother, Amenemhat. The alternative theory is that the boy was the son of Nefur. Amenemhat his father died
Merit Hatshepsut. The successor to Tuthmosis, Crown Prince and future king Amenhotep II, was the son of Merritt-Hatshepsut. Additional children include Minkepier and daughters named Neptune, Meryetamun (C), Meryetamun (D) and ISET. Mestre-Hatshepsut was the daughter of Huy adoratrice divine.
Neato: She was photographed on a pillar in the tomb of Tuthmosis III.
Minor, Marty, Finished, three foreign wives.
Nafur: Thutmose III may have married his half-sister, but there is no conclusive evidence of this marriage. He suggested that Nefrur, instead of Satya, might have been the mother of Amenemhat.
Dates and length of reign
The king of Tuthmosis III from 1479 BC to 1425 BC according to a low timeline of ancient Egypt. This has been the traditional Egyptian chronology in academia since the 1960s, though in some circles the ancient dates of 1504 BC to 1450 BC are preferred from the upper chronology of Egypt. These dates, just as all the dates of the Eighteenth Dynasty, are open to challenge due to uncertainty regarding the circumstances surrounding the recording of the solar ascension of Sothis during the reign of Amenhotep I. A papyrus from the reign of Amenhotep I record this astronomical observation that could theoretically be used to fully associate the Egyptian chronology with the modern calendar; This document does not contain a note about where the note is, but it can be safely assumed that it was taken in Delta City, such as Memphis or Heliopolis, or in Thebes. These two offers give 20-year spaced dates, the high and low chronology, respectively.
The length of the reign of Tuthmosis III to this day is known thanks to the information contained in the tomb of the military commander Amenim Maho. Amenhemb records the death of Tuthmosis III until his 74th year, on the thirtieth day of Bert's third month. It is known that the day of the accession of Tuthmosis III is the first day of Chimo, and astronomical observations can be used to determine the exact dates of the beginning and end of the reign of the king (assuming a low chronology) from 24 April 1479 BC. March 11, 1425 BC
Military campaigns in Tuthmosis
Further information: Djahouti (general) and fall of Jaffa
Amada - Temple founded by Tuthmosis III and Amenophis II of the Eighteenth Dynasty
Blade of a bronze knife engraved with the cartridge of Tuthmosis III, "Habitat Min Coptus". Eighteenth Dynasty. Probably Deposits Foundation No. 1, Temple of Maine, Coptos, Egypt. Petri Museum
Thutmose III was widely regarded as a military genius by historians, at least 15 campaigns in 20 years. He was an active expansionist ruler, sometimes called Egypt's greatest conqueror or "Napoleon of Egypt." It was recorded as having captured 350 cities during his reign and conquered the greater part of the Near East from the Euphrates to Nubia during seventeen known military campaigns. Pharaoh I was after Tuthmosis I who crossed the Euphrates, doing so during his campaign against Mitanni. His campaign records have been copied on the walls of the Temple of Amun in Karnak, and are now copied in Urkunden IV. He is consistently considered one of the greatest pharaohs in Egypt who turned Egypt into an international superpower by establishing an empire that extended from the Asian regions of southern Syria and from Canaan to the east, to Nubia to the south. Whether the Egyptian empire covered more areas is less certain. Senior Egyptologist, most recently Ed. Meyer believed that Tuthmosis was also exposed to the Aegean islands. This day can no longer be upheld. The introduction of Mesopotamia is inconceivable; whether the greeting of Alashia (Cyprus) was more than occasional gifts is still in question. In most of his campaigns, his enemies defeated a town by town until they were beaten until surrender. The preferred tactic was to subdue a much weaker city or state simultaneously, resulting in the surrender of each part until full control was achieved.
Much is known about Tuthmosis the "warrior" not only because of his military achievements but also because of his royal author and army commander Thanony who wrote about his conquests and rule. Tuthmosis III was able to control so many lands because of the revolution and the improvement in military weapons. When the Hyksos invaded and captured Egypt with more sophisticated weapons, such as horse-drawn carts, the people of Egypt learned to use them. Tuthmosis III faced little resistance from neighboring kingdoms, which allowed him to expand his influence easily. His army also carried boats on land. These campaigns are carved on the inner wall of the Great Hall of the Holy of Holies at the Temple of Karnak in Amun. These inscriptions give the most detailed and accurate account of any Egyptian king. [citation needed]
First campaign
Thutmose III beating his enemies. Relief on the seventh edifice in Karnak.
When Hatshepsut died on the tenth day of the sixth month of the year Thutmose III, according to information from one painting of Armant, the king of Kadesh gave his army to Megiddo. Tuthmosis the Third rallied his own army and left Egypt, passing through the border fortress of Tegarao (Sel) on the 25th day of the eighth month. Tuthmosis marched his troops across the coastal plain to Gamnea, then to Yahm, a small town near Megiddo, where he arrived in the middle of the ninth month of the same year. The ensuing battle of Megiddo was probably the biggest battle of Tuthmosis's 17 campaigns. A series of mountains flowing from inside stop Mount Carmel between Tuthmosis and Megiddo and he has three possible ways to take. The northern road and the southern road, both wandering around the mountain, were judged by his war council to be the safest, but Tuthmosis, in a great courageous act (or so boasted, but praise is normal in Egyptian texts), and he accused the cheese board and took A dangerous road crossed the mountain pass of Arona, which he claimed was wide enough for the army to pass "horse after man and man after man"
This campaign dramatically changed the political situation in the ancient Near East. By taking Megiddo, Tuthmosis took control of all north of Canaan and the Syrian princes were obliged to send tribute and their children as hostages to Egypt. Beyond the Euphrates, the Assyrian, Babylonian and Hittite kings all presented the gifts of Tuthmosis, who claimed to be a "tribute" when recorded on the walls of the Temple of Karnak. The only notable absence is Mitanni, who will bear the brunt of the following Egyptian campaigns in West Asia.
Tours of Canaan and Syria
Annals of Thutmose III in Karnak envisioned him standing in front of the presentations made after his foreign campaigns.
It seems that Thutmose's second, third and fourth campaigns were nothing more than tours in Syria and Canan to gather praise. Traditionally, the materials immediately following the first test of the campaign are the second This text records a tribute from the area which the Egyptians called Retino (roughly equivalent to Canaan) and it was also at this time that Assyria paid a second "salute" to Tuthmosis III. These texts are probably taken from Thutmose's thirty-fourth year or later, and therefore have nothing to do with the second campaign at all. If so, no records were found for this campaign. Thutmose's third campaign was not considered of great importance to appear in his extensive annual records in Karnak. A survey of animals and plants found in Canaan, which was illustrated on the walls of a special room in Karnak. This survey dates back to the year 25 Thutmose. There remains no record of the fourth campaign of Tuthmosis, but at some point, a fort was built in Lower Lebanon and logging to build a procession barrier, and this probably fits within this time frame.
Invasion of Syria
The fifth, sixth and seventh campaigns of Tuthmosis the Third were directed against the Phoenician cities in Syria and against Kadesh on Orontes. In the thirty-ninth year of Tuthmosis, he began his fifth campaign, capturing an unknown city for the first time (the name falls into a loophole) which was garrisoned by Tunip. He then moved in and took the city and the lands around Ardara; the city was looted and wheat fields burned. Unlike pre-looting raids, Tuthmosis the Third protected the area known as Dji, which may be a reference for southern Syria. This allowed him to ship supplies and troops between Syria and Egypt. Although there is no direct evidence of this, it is for this reason that some assumed that Thutmose's sixth campaign, in his thirtieth year, began with the direct transfer of troops to Byblos, bypassing Canaan altogether. After the troops reached Syria by any means, they moved to the Jordan River Valley and moved north, looting the territory of Kadesh. She turned west again, and Tuthmosis took Samira and suppressed a rebellion in Ardata, which appears to be a rebellion again. To stop this rebellion, Tuthmosis began taking hostages from cities in Syria. The cities in Syria were not guided by the popular sentiments of the people as much as they were due to the few nobles who joined Mitanni: a king and a small number of foreign Mariano. Thutmose III found that by taking the family members of these key people to Egypt as hostages, he could significantly increase their loyalty to him. Syria rebelled again in the 33rd year of Tuthmosis and returned to Syria in his seventh campaign, seizing the coastal city of Plaza and the smaller Phoenician ports and taking further action to prevent further rebellions All of the excess grain produced in Syria was stored in the ports he had recently conquered and used to support the Egyptian and civilian presence in Syria. This left the cities in Syria extremely poor. With the collapse of their economies, they had no way of financing the insurgency.
After Tuthmosis the Third took control of Syrian cities, the clear goal of his eighth campaign was the state of Mitanni, a nymph with an Indo-Aryan ruling class. However, to reach Mitanni, he had to cross the Euphrates. He sailed directly to Byblos and made boats that he took with him on the ground, apparently only another tour of Syria, and proceeded with the usual raids and looting as he moved north through the territory he had already taken. He continued north through lands belonging to cities still invincible from Aleppo and Carchemish and soon crossed the Euphrates in his boats, taking the Mitanni king by surprise. It seems that Mitanni did not expect an invasion, so they did not have an army of any kind ready to defend against Tuthmosis, although their ships on the Euphrates attempted to defend against the Egyptian crossing. Thutmose III then moved from city to city and looted them while the nobles were hiding in caves, or at least this is how Egyptian records usually choose to record them. During this period without opposition, Tuthmosis placed a second witness commemorating the crossing of the Euphrates beside the witness that his grandfather, Tuthmosis the First, had put forward several decades ago. A militia was created to fight the invaders, but it was so bad. Thutmose III then returned to Syria via Ne, where he recorded that he had participated in the elephant hunt. He collected tribute from foreign powers and returned to Egypt in victory
Tours from Syria
Tuthmosis for Tekken Way, today stands in Rome as an obelisk to Lateran. The transition from Egypt to Rome began by Constantine the Great (Roman Emperor, 324-337) in 326, although he died before being shipped from Alexandria. His son, Emperor Constantius II, completed the transfer in 357. A contemporary historian, Ammianus Marcellinus, wrote a novel about the shipment.
Thutmose III returned to Syria in his ninth campaign in his 34th year, but this appears to be just a raid on the area called Nokhashchi, an area inhabited by semi-nomadic people. Registered looting is minimal, so it was probably just a simple raid. His tenth campaign records indicate further fighting. By the 35th year of Tuthmosis, the king of Mitanni had assembled a large army and communicated with the Egyptians around Aleppo. As usual for any Egyptian king, Tuthmosis boasted of a landslide victory, but this statement is questionable because of the lack of looting captured. Records of Tuthmosis in Karnak indicate that he took only a total of 10 prisoners of war. He may have fought the Methanites to a standstill, however, he received a greeting from the Hittites after that campaign, which seems to indicate that the outcome of the battle was in favor of Tuthmosis
Details about his next two campaigns are unknown. It is assumed that his eleventh events took place in his thirty-sixth year, and is supposed to have occurred in his thirty-seventh year since the name of the thirteenth in Karnak as it happened in the thirty-eighth year.He remains part of a list of honors for his twelfth campaign just before the start of his thirteenth session, and recorded content, particularly the wild game and some unidentified minerals, may indicate that it occurred in the steppes surrounding Nukhashshe, but this is just speculation
In his thirteenth campaign, Tuthmosis returned to Nakhshcha for a very simple campaign. His fourteenth campaign, during his 39th year, was against Chasseux. It is impossible to locate this campaign because Chiasso was a Bedouin who had lived anywhere from Lebanon to eastern Jordan to Edom. After this campaign, Tuthmosis's figures for all his campaigns fall into loopholes, so they can only be calculated by date. In his 40th year, the tribute was collected from foreign powers, but it is not known whether this campaign is considered a campaign (ie if the king goes with it or is led by an official). The tribute list remains only from Tuthmosis's forthcoming campaign, and nothing can be inferred about it but it may have been another raid on the border around Ne His recent Asian campaign was better documented. Sometimes a year before Thutmose 42, Mitanni seemed to have begun to spread the rebellion among all the major cities in Syria. Tuthmosis moved his troops by land across the coastal road and quelled the rebellions on the Arka Plain ("Arkanto" in Tuthmosis's record) and moved on Tunb. After taking Tunip, he turned his attention to Kadesh again. He clashed and destroyed three garrisons of the Methanians and returned to Egypt in victory. His victory in this final campaign was incomplete or permanent because he did not capture Kadesh and Tunb was not biased for a long time, certainly not after his death.
Nubian campaign
Tuthmosis's last campaign was launched in his fiftieth year. He attacked Nubia but went beyond fourth cataracts. Although no Egyptian army has ever penetrated any army, previous campaigns of kings have already spread Egyptian culture to such an extent, and the earliest Egyptian document found in Jebel Barkal dates back three years before the campaign of Tuthmosis
Huge building
Sculpture of Tuthmosis III, with the god Monto-Ra and the goddess Hathor, 18th Dynasty, from the Temple of Amun-Re in Karnak, located in the British Museum
Thutmose III was a great constructor and built more than 50 temples, although some of these buildings were lost and only mentioned in written records. He also commissioned the construction of many tombs for the nobles, which were made more skillfully than ever. His reign was also a period of great stylistic changes in sculpture, paintings, and engravings associated with construction, many of which began under Hatshepsut.
Technical developments
The crown of Manhatt, the tomb of Manawi and Merit.
Made glass developed during the reign of Tuthmosis III and this cup bears his name.
Depiction of Tuthmose III at Karnak holding a Hej Club and a Sekhem Scepter standing before two obelisks he had erected there.
The engineers of Tuthmosis and craftsmen showed great continuity with the formal style of former kings, but several developments distinguished him from his predecessors. Although he followed traditional relief techniques for much of his reign, after his forty-second year he began to portray himself wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt and the Naqba inscription, an unprecedented technique. Architecturally, its use of columns was also unprecedented. He built Egypt's only known group of barbed columns, two large columns standing alone rather than being part of a group that supported the roof. His Jubilee Hall was also revolutionary and arguably the oldest basilica-style building. The craftsmen of Tuthmosis achieved new high levels of skill in painting, and the tombs of his reign were the oldest to have been painted in full instead of painted engravings.t Although not directly related to its effects, the craftsmen of Tuthmosis seem to have learned the glass-making skills, developed in the early 18th Dynasty, to create pots for drinking in a basic way.
Karnak
Thutmose has devoted more attention to Karnak than any other site. In I put-is, the central temple, he rebuilt the pillared hall of his grandfather Thutmose I, dismantled the red chapel of Hatshepsut, built Pylon VI, a shrine for the bark of Amun in his place, and built
Distorting Hatshepsut effects
Djoser-Djeseru is the main building of the funerary temple complex in Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahri. The building was designed by Cinnemot, an example of the perfect symmetry that precedes the Parthenon, and was the first complex built on the site you chose, which is part of Theban The Great's Tomb.
Until recently, the general theory was that after the death of her husband Tuthmosis II, Hatshepsut usurped the throne of Tuthmosis III. Although Thutmose III was a co-partner during this time, early historians speculated that Thutmose III never forgave his mother-in-law to deny him access to the throne during the first two decades of his reign. However, this theory has recently been revised after questions about why Hatshepsut allowed an unhappy heir to control armies, which he knows did. This view is supported by the fact that no strong evidence was found to show Tuthmosis III sought the throne. He retained the religious and administrative leaders of Hatshepsut. Add to this the fact that the effects of Hatshepsut were only damaged at least 25 years after her death, in the late reign of Tuthmosis III when he was old. In another truth, he was with his son, who would become Amenhotep the Second, known to have tried to identify Hatshepsut's work as his own. In addition, the funerary temple of Thutmose III was built right next to Hatshepsut, an act that was unlikely to happen if Thutmose III had a grudge against it. [citation needed]
After her death, many of Hatshepsut's traces were later mutilated or destroyed, including those in the famous funerary temple complex in Deir el-Bahri. Traditionally, these were interpreted by early modern scholars to be evidence of the acts of damnation memoriae (condemning a person by the erasure of the recorded being) by Tuthmosis III. However, recent research by scientists such as Charles Ferret and Peter Dorman and revisiting these erasures found that erasing works that could be dated only began sometime during the 46 or 47 years of Tuthmosis during the reign (c. 1433/2 BC ). Another often overlooked fact is that Hatshepsut was not the only person to receive this treatment. The traces of her boss's hostess, Senenmut, which were closely associated with her rule, were similarly distorted where they were found. All this evidence casts doubt on the popular theory that Tuthmosis the Third ordered destruction in a retaliatory outburst shortly after his accession. [citation needed]
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