Valley of the Kings Cemetery and the secrets of the kings of the Pharaohs Part I

Valley of the Kings Cemetery and the secrets of the kings of the Pharaohs Part I

The Valley of the Kings is one of the largest places where the ancient Egyptian tombs of Pharaohs 
There are many studies on the Valley of the Kings for the abundance of information and details found within each archaeological cemetery and we will review with you the Valley of the Kings in two parts.

The Valley of the Kings, also known as the "Valley of the Biban Kings", is a valley in Egypt that was used for more than 500 years during the period between the sixteenth and eleventh centuries BC to construct tombs of the pharaohs and nobles of the modern state extended during the eighteenth dynasties to the 20th Dynasty of ancient Egypt. The valley is located on the west bank of the Nile in front of the city of Thebes (now Luxor) in the heart of the old funerary city of Thebes. The Valley of the Kings is divided into two valleys; the Eastern Valley (where most royal tombs are located) and the Western Valley.

With the discovery of the last burial chamber in 2006, known as "Tomb 63" and the discovery of two other entrances to the same chamber during 2008, the number of tombs discovered so far 63 tombs of different sizes from a small hole in the ground to a complex tomb containing more than 120 buried chambers inside. All these tombs were used to bury the kings and princes of the modern state in ancient Egypt, as well as some nobles and anyone who had a good relationship with the ruling family at the time. The royal tombs contain distinctive drawings and inscriptions from ancient Egyptian mythology illustrating the religious beliefs and memorial services of the time. All the tombs discovered had been conquered and looted in ancient times, yet they remained compelling evidence of the power and prosperity of the kings of that time.

This area is the center of the scout excavations to study archeology and Egyptology since the end of the eighteenth century, these tombs have aroused throughout the ages scholars to expand such studies and archaeological excavations. The valley was famous in the modern era after the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun and the whole of the hearsay about the curse of the Pharaohs, and remained famous for the archaeological excavations scattered throughout it until it was adopted as a World Heritage site in 1979 in addition to the funerary city of the entire funeral. So far, excavations and restoration are underway in the Valley of the Kings,

The soil of the Valley of the Kings consists of dense layers of limestone and other sedimentary rocks (composed of slopes scattered in the valley and the nearby Deir al-Bahari Temple area) and contains thin layers of mud. These sedimentary rocks date back more than 35 to 56 million years ago. This area, when the Mediterranean was a much larger area than it now occupies, in the valley during the Pleistocene (or the earliest modern era) consistently many meters in this region led to the drilling of waterways connected to each other over time forming the present valley. Studies show that this part of the Egyptian territory is subjected to continuous low rainfall throughout the year.

 The rocks in the Valley of the Kings are characterized by their contrasting nature from smooth fine rocks to large, stiff rocks. The latter type is not suitable for building or construction, in addition to the lamellar child whose layers cover different areas of the valley, which made it difficult to build tombs or save bodies. Inadequate environment in which the laminar child expands in the presence of water, which leads to the spacing of the surrounding rocks causing cracks in the walls and floor of the tombs, which in turn leads to the leakage of water inside the cemetery causing great damage both in the building itself or the mummy preserved inside it. He believed that the quality of the rocks used as the reason for the mutation in the shape and size of some of the tombs discovered.
Egyptian builders benefited from the geological differences in the valley, with some tombs constructed by direct drilling in the crevices between the layers of limestone, while others were built behind the gravel slopes and rubble collapses or on the edges of rocky outcrops caused by ancient floodwaters.
To find out how difficult it is to build these tombs, it is worth looking at the tombs of Ramesses III and his father, Six Nakht, where six Nakht began digging (Cemetery 11), but stopped working after the excavation led to the penetration of the tomb of Amon Mesu and then found no Nakht only rape (Tomb 14) of the King Tusert. When Ramesses III took power, he completed the tomb that his father had already excavated. The cemetery of Ramses II was built in the style of the arched axis, the first methods of building the royal tombs due to the quality of rocks used in the construction of the cemetery often rocks resulting from the rock collapse that occurred in Esna

   Valley of the Kings

The hills of Taiba, home to the, are located in an area prone to severe thunderstorms. Recent studies have confirmed that at least seven active flood paths flow into the heart of the valley, an area that is reported to have been flooded at the end of the 18th Dynasty. This led to the disappearance of many tombs under the deposits of the flood, which was confirmed by excavation and excavation during the discovery of both the cemetery 63 and cemetery 62 and cemetery 55, which was uncovered in the actual rocky ground of the valley and covered by the flood sediments and therefore determine the true level of the valley floor in that An era that goes down for more than five meters from their level now. Following the Eighteenth Dynasty, the Pharaohs settled the valley land and then accumulated flood deposits away from the tombs area. These tombs were preserved until they were discovered in the late 20th century. Radar surveys of the area The existence of several subterranean differences later proved that one of these formative differences is the recently discovered cemetery.
The ancient Egyptian man began living in the Valley of the Kings since the Middle Stone Age. The summit of the century rises above all the hills of Thebes, known by the ancient Egyptians as Ta Dhent (hieroglyphic), which looks hierarchical when viewed from the entrance to the valley in an appearance similar to the pyramids of the Old Kingdom that were used as tombs thousands of years before the establishment of the first royal tomb in the valley. Egyptologists point out that the pyramid shape of the summit is one of the reasons for choosing this spot to build the tombs of kings, such as the use of pyramids to bury the kings in the era of the Old Kingdom. The tombs (Madagai) protect the entire funerary city.

It has long been thought that pyramid-shaped buildings, especially the pyramids of Giza, are the traditional model of royal tombs in ancient Egypt, but most of the royal tombs are entirely carved from the rock, although the pyramids and terraces (models of royal tombs in the Old Kingdom) have been Built by deduction from the ground level, however, there are many royal tombs carved entirely from the rock (similar to the royal tombs in the Valley of the Kings) dating back to the era of the Old Kingdom.

After the defeat of the Hyksos and the reunification of Egypt under Ahmose the First, the kings of Thebes worked on constructing their graves as proof of their rising power. Nevertheless, some studies indicate that the tombs of Ahmose the First and his son Amenhotep the First are located in the funerary city of the 17th Dynasty in the Arm of the Naga West Luxor, although the sites of the two tombs have not been conclusively disclosed so far, other studies confirm that the first royal tombs constructed in the valley are the tombs of Amenhotep the First (unspecified), and Thutmose I, on which the walls of his chief adviser appear. Inini who drew n It is true for the king to choose this spot for the construction of his tomb (and studies are continuing so far to determine the cemetery of Thutmose I categorically as the dispute revolves around the cemeteries cemetery 20 and cemetery 38).
The valley was first used to bury the kings around 1539 BC. The kings of the modern state continued to bury it until 1075 BC. It includes at least 63 graves, beginning with the tomb of Thutmose I (and possibly before that date, especially during the era of Amenhotep I) and ending with the reign of Ramses X or Ramses XI, but burials continued for individuals who are not related to the ruling families in graves usurped after this. History.

Despite the name, the Valley of the Kings not only includes tombs of kings; but includes tombs of the nobles close to the kings in addition to the tombs that include the wives of the kings and their children as well as the wives of the nobles and their children and therefore the actual tombs that include the remains of kings and nobles and members of the ruling families do not exceed twenty The tombs of which the owners were not identified, as well as mummified mummies and buried in the excavation of the ground, the rest of the tombs and burial chambers that have been revealed.
By the beginning of the reign of Ramses I (circa 1301 BC), work began separately on the construction of the Valley of the Queens near the Valley of the Kings

                The eastern valley shows the entrance to the tomb of Tutankhamun.
In the early 18th Dynasty only kings were buried in large tombs, and when an individual was buried outside the royal family, he was usually buried in a rock-carved room next to his master's tomb. The tomb of Amenhotep III, which was built in the western valley, and when his son Akhenaten assumed power, he transferred his personal cemetery to Amarna and then believed that the unfinished cemetery (Cemetery 25) is the cemetery prepared by him, and with the return to the original Egyptian religion at the end of the era The Eighteenth Dynasty the Kings returned to be buried in the funerary city was headed by these kings Tutankhamun and Khor Kharo-Re and Horemheb.
The nineteenth and twentieth dynasties witnessed an increase in the number of tombs built both in the Valley of the Kings and Queens, starting from the reign of Ramses II and then Ramses III, who built two huge cemeteries for them and their children remotely, cemeteries 5 and 3, respectively. They have not been buried in the funerary city or their tombs have not yet been inferred; for example, Thutmose II is alleged to have been buried in the area of ​​the arm of Abu al-Naja (although his royal mummies were found in the royal cemetery at Deir el-Bahari), and the site of the burial of Smenkhkare was not found. As well as Ramses VIII wa A likely buried in a different area of ​​the city mortuary.

           Tomb of Ramesses the Third    

 According to authentic religious rituals since the age of the pyramid builders, which was attached to a funerary temple next to the pyramid, the curvature itself continued in successive times but with the deliberate concealment of the king's tomb, these temples were built far from the main burial site and close to the agricultural lands facing the city of Thebes. The conversion of these temples to shrines during the various festivals held in the funerary city, such as the valley of the beautiful valley, which celebrates the god Amun-Re and the villages of Mut and Khonsu to leave the Temple of Karnak to visit the temples of the kings of the West Bank of the Nile and their slices in the funeral city.

 Originally, these tombs were built and decorated with inscriptions and frescoes to the workers of the village of Deir al-Madina, located in the narrow valley that separates the Valley of the Kings and the Queens Valley in a good confrontation. Official records and documents found in the cemeteries, including one on workers' strike, probably the first in human history, are known worldwide as the Turin Papyrus Strike.

The Valley of the Kings is one of the largest archaeological explorations related to Egyptology in recent centuries, after it was merely a tourist attraction in ancient times (especially during the Roman era), and this area was a witness to the transformation of the methodology of studying the history of ancient Egypt, which began from Stealing monuments and looting the tombs until it reached what it is now scientific discoveries revealed the entire funerary city of Taybeh, and despite all these explorations, but no more than eleven cemeteries have been fully documented after knowing all the details related to them and their owners.
 Many of the tombs have inscriptions on the walls left by tourists long ago. 9 In which nearly a thousand inscriptions were found, the earliest of which dates back to about 278 BC.

By 1799, the first map of the sites of the tombs discovered until that time was drawn to the work of the French expeditionary scientists in Egypt, especially Dominique Vivant, and for the first time the presence of the Western Valley was observed (Prospère Bouloua and Edouard de Villiers du Terrave identified the tomb of Amenhotep III, known as the Tomb 22). In addition, Egypt described two of the twenty-four volumes containing a full note of the observations of the campaign scientists and their description of the area around Thebes.

 After this date, European scouting campaigns continued after the early 19th century, motivated by Champollion's success in deciphering hieroglyphs. Al-Gharbi (cemetery 23) in 1816 and then the cemetery of Seti I (cemetery 17) the following year, and at the end of his visit to the region, Belzoni declared that what was found during this expedition is the maximum that can be found and nothing else is valuable to excavate. That in the meantime itself was Consul General A. Rancy Bernardino Droviti (Grimm and Plz) also works solo in the same area of ​​research.

With the reinstatement of Gaston Maspero to the presidency of the Egyptian Antiquities Authority changed the method of excavation in the valley, where Maspero appointed Howard Carter as chief inspector in Upper Egypt, and the young man has already succeeded in the discovery of many new graves in addition to his contributions in the discovery of graves 42 and 20.
The entrance to the tomb of Horemheb immediately after its discovery in 1908.

This is the first part of the Valley of the Kings and a group of tombs of the kings of the Pharaohs rich information about the mysteries and mysteries and frescoes tell us a lot about the Pharaonic civilization and with the second part exciting good idea is formed by the reader about this ancient civilization and later after the second part of the Valley of the Kings we will get to know the Valley of the rich queens Also with a lot of information and secrets about the queens of the Pharaohs followed us.
Article Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_the_Kings

Website Pharaoh

 Karnak Temple Part I

Karnak Temples and Pharaohs Kings Part II
Temple of Karnak Temple of Ramses III Part III 
Temple of Hatshepsut in Luxor charming
Valley of the Kings Cemetery and the secrets of the kings of the Pharaohs Part 2

Temple of Abu Simbel Nubia
The Valley of the Queens