The Valley of the Queens and the Tombs are magnificent
The Valley of the Queens is the burial place of the Pharaoh's queens in ancient Egypt. Formerly known as "Ta-Set-Nefro", meaning "the place of the sons of the Pharaoh" or "place of beauty"; because in this place was the queens of the families of the eighteenth, nineteenth and twenty (from 1550 to 1070 BC), in addition To many princes, princesses and a number of nobility. The graves of these individuals were preserved by priests who performed daily funerary rituals and prayed for the dead nobles.The valley is located near the famous Valley of the Kings, on the west bank of the Nile in Luxor Governorate.
It is not known why this site was chosen as a burial site, and the proximity of the site to the workers' village in Deir al-Madina as well as to the Valley of the Kings is a factor in this choice. Rejuvenating the dead or rebirth them in the afterlife.
It is known that during the reigns of the 18th and 19th dynasties the valley was a major burial place for queens, princes and some nobles, but it was no longer a royal burial site after the conclusion of the Twentieth Dynasty. Many tombs have been reused on a large scale, and many have been modified to accommodate multiple burials. In some cases, this included digging burial pits in existing cemeteries. Little is known about the use of the Valley of the Queens during the Ptolemaic period. During the Roman period, we see extensive use of the valley as a burial site. During the Coptic period, some shelters were built in some of these cemeteries to accommodate hermits and monks. The scenes of the walls representing the deceased and the Egyptian gods were covered with layers of stucco, sometimes painted or painted in red ink, Christian symbols above them, and the Christian presence in these tombs continued until the seventh century.،
The Valley of the Queens
This valley is called "Biban Harem" as the Egyptian texts remind it of the name "Tet Nefru" meaning the beautiful place and are located at the southern end of the cemetery of Thebes Returned to the seventeenth family. This valley contains more than seventy cemeteries, most of which are free of texts, inscriptions, and scenery. An Italian expedition under the supervision of Ernesto Sikia Barelli in 1903-1905 excavated there. From the corridor leads to the burial chamber where it is located Coffin The burial chamber often has columns and there may be side rooms either in the corridor or in the burial chamber.
The region is famous for its fragile rocks that are not suitable for painting or engraving on them unlike the Valley of the Kings. Tombs scenes of the deceased in front of the various gods and gods with additions to the scenes and texts of the Book of the Dead. It is believed that each tomb had a shrine or shrine somewhere above the ground to perform rituals benefiting the deceased in the afterlife. The Valley of the Queens could have been abandoned like the Valley of the Kings after the Ramesses and was not taken as a resting place for members of the royal family.
One of the most important of these tombs
Tomb of Queen Nefertari
Archaeologists differed in judging the drawings of this cemetery. Representing the fascinating queen of the cod, the artist was created to convey his sense of beauty to the viewer, especially that the scenes here were inscribed prominently light and brightly colored over a fine layer of plaster.
The cemetery begins with a descending staircase with a slope leading to the entrance of the first hall, which is characterized by the presence of stone shelves fixed to the left and facing the interior. They were probably intended for statues or offerings and are decorated with Egyptian cornice. On the southern wall of the cemetery, right on the inside, we see a view of Queen Nefertari worshiping Osiris. On the three facades of the protruding wall, we see three scenes representing the god Anubis, the goddess Nate and finally the embodiment of the hieroglyphic sign "Jed." Then we see a scene representing the god Horus, the son of Isis, leading the queen to the god Hor sister, and the goddess Hathor. On its three facades, the embodiment of the column "grandfather" then a view representing the stolen gods and finally represents the god Osiris. We see on the left inside the cemetery directly the famous view representing the queen sitting inside a cabin playing a game similar to (Dama) and in front of the bird "Alba" with a human face symbolizing the spirit of the ancient Egyptian has stood here on a cabin decorated with Egyptian cornice and then a scene shows the sign of the sister between two lions One of them symbolizes yesterday and the other symbolizes tomorrow, and then the view of the bird, the sacred bird in Heliopolis has the color of the artist in light blue and we see in front of him the mummy lying on a bed inside a cabin between each of the Godin the form of a falcon on the right and the goddess Nephthys in the form of a falcon on the left, the texts recorded on the rest of this northern wall are from the book of gates. We see above the entrance to the side chamber gods selected in the form of punishment bird spreading their wings as we see on the entrance fish gods Maat gods of truth, justice and order King Nefertari is worshiping a bull and seven cows, as we see on the left the queen offering fabrics to the god Ptah the photographer inside his booth and behind him the sacred pillar of "grandfather". to Atom is on the right, while the northern wall has a view of the queen. A view of the four sons of Horus, Amsti with a human head, a monkey-headed dome, Dawamut F with a falcon's head, and an ugly snuff with a jackal's head, and behind them a portrait of a god with a falcon and some gods. The walls of the descending staircase are decorated with beautiful scenery, the most important being the one representing Queen Nefertari offering two wins of wine or milk to the goddess Hathor and behind her the goddess sits stolen and behind her we see the goddess Maat winged with a kneeling human face, we see on the wall facing the same scene, but here replaced the goddess Nephthys replaced the gods stolen as On the walls there is also a view of a large winged snake that protects the name of the queen.
Finally, we reach the burial chamber with four columns in two rows. It is decorated with traditional scenes representing the queen in her different relationships with the gods and gods. There is a large gap between these columns devoted to the sarcophagus. The left and in the face of the inside, the views of the burial chamber Vagglha Mhashim, a book of gates.
The tomb of princesses is located in the valley. This tomb dates back to the reign of Amenhotep III. Its location is currently unknown, but tombs are found in museums and include fragments of burial equipment for several members of the royal family. Elements include part of a canopy jar from the wife of King Hainaut. It is believed that she lived in the middle of the 18th Dynasty. Her name was put in the cartridge. Fragments of canopic utensils mentioning Prince Minkibeyer, the son of Tuthmosis III and Merytre Hatshepsut, were found. The king's great wife grew out of the mid-18th dynasty testifies because her name was attached in a cartridge to the canopy fragments. Fragments of a canopic jar bearing the name of King Ti's daughter have been found since the middle of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Nineteenth Dynasty
During the 19th Dynasty, the valley was used to bury the queens of this period belonging exclusively to the royal women. Many high-ranking wives of the kings of Ramses I, Seti I and Ramses II were buried in the valley. One of the most well-known examples is the rock-carved resting place of Queen Nefertari (1290-1224 BC). The inscriptions in her grave are still stained intact. Other members of the royal family continued to be buried in the Valley of the Kings. An example of this practice is the tomb of KV5, the tomb of the sons of Ramses II.
It is possible that the tomb of Queen Satry (QV 38) is the first tomb prepared during this dynasty. It probably began during the reign of Ramesses I and ended in the reign of Seti I. Many tombs were prepared without an owner in mind, and names were included upon the death of the royal female.
During the beginning of the Twentieth Dynasty, the valley was still widely used. The tombs of Ramesses the Third's wives were prepared, and in a departure from the previous family agreements, many tombs were also prepared for the royal sons. Construction of the tombs continued at least until the reign of Ramses VI. The Turin papyrus mentions the creation of six tombs during the reign of Ramses VI. The tombs referred to in papyrus are not known.
There is evidence of economic turmoil during the Twentieth Dynasty. Records show that workers went on strike during the reign of Ramesses III. Towards the end of the dynasty, there are reports of robberies of the graves.
Thirdly the transition period and then
Stop the royal burial after the conclusion of the Twentieth Dynasty. Many tombs were reused on a large scale. Many tombs were modified so that they could carry several burials. In some cases, this included burial pits in existing tombs. Little is known about the use of the Valley of the Queens during the Ptolemaic period, but during the Roman period began to use the valley as a burial site. During the Coptic period some hermit shelters were constructed. The tombs of QV60 (Nebettawy) and QV73 (Henuttawy) show signs of Coptic occupation. Wall scenes are covered with plaster and decorated with Christian symbols. The Christian presence continued until the seventh century.
Article Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_the_Queens
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