Temple of Hatshepsut in Luxor charming

Temple of Hatshepsut (Luxor

Hatshepsut funerary temple.
The Temple of Hatshepsut, or Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, is a temple from the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, the best remaining temple built some 3,500 years ago in Deir el-Bahari, Egypt. It was built by Queen Hatshepsut on the West Bank of the Nile opposite Thebes (the capital of ancient Egypt and the seat of the cult of Amun) (Luxor today). The Temple of Hatshepsut is characterized by its unique architectural design compared to the Egyptian temples that were built on the east bank of the Nile in Thebes. The temple consists of three consecutive floors on open balconies. The temple was built of limestone, and the limestone statues of Osiris and Queen Hatshepsut were erected in front of the pillars of the second floor in a beautiful distribution. Originally, the statues were colored, and now there are only a few monuments left, and some of the statues in perfectly good shape indicate the elegance and beauty of the temple.
At the same time, the Temple of Hatshepsut is characterized by inscriptions on the walls of naval expeditions sent by Queen Hatshepsut to Puntland to trade and bring incense and myrrh from that country. Many pharaohs of Egypt recorded it in paintings on their temples showing them offering sacrifices and incense to various gods. In addition to incense and myrrh, Hatshepsut's missions also transported rare woods, trees and animals not found on the land of Egypt, and the tiger fur worn by a certain layer of the priesthood of Egypt.

A colorful painting on the wall of the Temple of Hatshepsut. Amun and offerings before him.
( died 1482 bc ) , Egyptian queen of the 18th dynasty, reigned circa 1503–1482 bc. On the death of her husband, Tuthmosis II, she became regent for her nephew, Tuthmosis III. She then named herself pharaoh and was often portrayed as male.
The monastery valley was dedicated to the worship of Hattor and Amun-Re, in addition to that of Horus and Anubis. This is due to the family 11, where Pharaoh Montuhotep II was the first to use the area to build tombs and a temple for himself and his wives and those close to him from the court. It was during the Middle Egyptian state.
The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut was built during the reign of the Eighteenth Dynasty, and the Queen ordered the establishment of Queen Hatshepsut, daughter of King Tuthmosis
During the spread of Christianity in Egypt after the end of the Ptolemaic era, Christians erected a monastery of worship on the ruins of the Temple of Hatshepsut. The monastery was called "Phoebaamon Monastery". This monastery was used for worship until the 11th century and was visited by many Christian priests. The area was named after the monastery. In the monastery, there are several ancient Egyptian temples and tombs of the Pharaohs, including the Temple of Hatshepsut, next to the temple of Montuhotep II and near the Temple of Tuthmosis III, a small temple of which only a few remains. The ancient Egyptians named the area of the Temple of Hatshepsut as "the house of a million years".
A colorful painting on the wall of the Temple of Hatshepsut. Amun and offerings before him.
From the niche of Hator.
The funerary temple of Hatshepsut
The temple was built during 15 years of the reign of Queen Hatshepsut between the seventh year of her reign until the 22nd year of her reign. It was Sinnamot, the chief of the court, who designed it and supervised its construction. There are some sites on the temple indicating that, and his tomb is located under the first floor of the temple, which extends about 97 meters in the mountain and ends with a sarcophagus at a depth of 43 meters. The cemetery of Sinnamot was found and was named TT353.
He also participated in the construction of the temple "Habusnab" and "Khasi" Chief Treasurer, and "Zihoti" headmaster of the jewelry house. This is indicated by their names mentioned on the walls of the temple. The temple suffered some corruption during the end of the rule of Tuthmosis III, who succeeded Hatshepsut in power, where the names scraped from the temple and broke some of its statues.
The temple from the front and behind the front of the mountain.
In the 19th century, Auguste Meret carried out the first debris removal in the temple area. In 1893-1897, his assistant, Edward Navi, removed the rubble from the Coptic monastery and removed the ruins from the Temple of Hatshepsut during the years 1903-1906. Howard Carter also worked there, transporting drawings on paper and filming with other specialists. Navi recorded his excavations in seven books in detail under the title "Temple of the Monastery of the Sea."
Osiris statues on the second floor in front of the facade columns.
The following excavations took place during the years 1911-1931 and were carried out by Herbert Finlock for the Metropolitan Museum of American Art and Emile Barrez, authorized by the Egyptian Antiquities Authority. Finlock wrote his works in the excavation of Deir el-Bahari: 1911-1931 in 1942.
Some parts of the temple that were destroyed during the period of scraping the name of Hatshepsut from the temple during the end of the rule of Tuthmosis III were found by the mission of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York) in a nearby quarry and returned to the temple.
In 1961, Polish archaeologists Sigmund Voisuke and Janusz Krakowski excavated, reconstructed some parts and carried out restorations on a mission from the Polish Center for Mediterranean Archeology at the University of Warsaw, in cooperation with the Egyptian Antiquities Authority.

Temple design

Sea Valley Map:

I - Temple of Hatshepsut (right),
II-Temple of Montuhotep II (left), III - Temple of Tuthmosis III (top).
The funerary temple of Hatshepsut is located right from the temple of Montuhotep II (see map). The procession road connects the valley temple on the Nile with the funerary temple of Hatshepsut. The valley temple overlooking the Nile faces the Temple of Amun-Ra in Karnak on the eastern facade of the Nile. In the past, the procession was a ram, and the rams were made of sandstone brought by ancient Egyptians from the chain quarry.

Corridors and balconies
The design of the Temple of Hatshepsut is quite different from the design of the ancient Egyptian temples, which consisted of a large edifice (a huge gate) followed by a pillar foyer, then a smaller edifice, then a pillar foyer, a third edifice and a pillar foyer ending with the sanctuary of the god. He replaced the edifice here with a portico and replaced the foyer of the columns with balconies above each other and connected by sloping platforms.
A long road leading to the kilometer from the east connects to the large hall (7 on the map) and the first hall 8 which consists of a double-column hall. This portico is open to the east, and it's right and left end ends with a large statue of Hatshepsut.
The left part of the portico (towards the south) has inscriptions showing the production, transportation, and installation of two obelisks in Aswan at Karnak Temple. The right part of the portico (north) has inscriptions on hunting birds and fish.
A slope connects the first and second galleries (10 on the map). The second corridor rises above the first corridor and also looks eastward. The left part of this portico consists of a lobby called the Punt's Hall on the walls with drawings and engravings of Hatshepsut's trade missions to Puntland, which it undertook in the ninth year of its reign (1459 BC), while the right-wing section has inscriptions expressing the birth of Hatshepsut as the daughter of Amun. The Punt lobby ends with the Hattur niche and the divine birth foyer ends with the Anubis niche.
The southern portico called the Punt Gallery on Hatshepsut's expeditions to Puntland.

Osiris statues are on the second floor in front of the facade columns.

On the facade of the second portico, there are 26 statues of Hatshepsut in the form of Osiris, only some of which are still in its gloss. The southern part of the lobby had hieroglyphic inscriptions from Hatshepsut, but during the reign of Tuthmosis, the Third was covered with other drawings and inscriptions.

From the center of this lobby (13) leads to the sacred room of Amun-Ra (14). The central foyer on the second terrace is called the "celebration foyer" and the inscriptions on the walls show images of the procession from the valley temple to the funerary temple. There are several mihrabs on the walls of which there were statues of Hatshepsut.
The punt lobby ends with a small portico entering the niche of Hator. The tops of the middle columns end with heads representing the head of Hator. This portico leads to the entrance to the lobby of the columns entering the mihrab. On the right wall are the inscriptions of Hator representing them in the form of a cow. There are also inscriptions of a Jerusalem procession.
The niche of Hator

This is the niche of Hator's niche

The niche of Hator's niche

Gate of the niche of Hator
The punt lobby ends with a small portico entering the mihrab of Hator (11). The tops of the middle columns end with heads representing the head of Hator. This portico leads to the entrance to the lobby of the columns entering the mihrab. On the right wall are the inscriptions of Hator representing them in the form of a cow. There are also inscriptions of a Jerusalem procession.

The niche of Anubis
Sucre and Tuthmosis the Third at the Temple of Hatshepsut. Tuthmosis serves to incense and wine sucre.
The Anubis mihrab is located at the end of the second portico to the right and contains 12 porticoes. The wall on the right has inscriptions showing Hatshepsut, but it is exposed. On the left wall, there are inscriptions showing offerings to Anubis.
On both sides of the portico there are two angles, the right of which has a drawing showing Tuthmosis the Third (see photo) offering offerings to Sucre. This hallway leads to an empty rectangular room.

Sucre and Tuthmosis the Third at the Temple of Hatshepsut. Tuthmosis serves to incense and wine sucre

Sacred Sun.
The sacred sun (15) consists of an open lobby with a staircase leading to a high offering table. We enter the lobby from a door on the third floor. The walls of the sacred sun are adorned with the night journey of the sun where Ra (sun) rides a boat from sunset to sunrise. The rest of the walls of the room are not decorated.
The niche of Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis the First
The Hatshepsut niche and the main niche of Amun are the largest niches of the temple. On the wall opposite the entrance to the mihrab, there is a false granite door. The ceiling is formed in the form of a vault. Most of the wall drawings have been blurred. From the door leading to the mihrab of Hatshepsut, the door of the mihrab enters Tuthmosis the First (her father), and the decoration of the mihrab is not clear.
The niche of Amun-Ra
Through a large granite door, we enter the mihrab of Amun-Ra. In this room, there are two statues of Hatshepsut who are missing the head. Two other statues of her should have been found as agreed but they do not exist. From the back door of the room, we enter the other rooms of the mihrab. In the days of Hatshepsut, the procession coming from the Temple of the Valley ended at the mihr of Amun-Ra.

Head of a statue of Hatshepsut

The dome chamber has four cavities. Above each of the two doors is a window where sunlight entered the holy place and fell on the face of the statue of Amun-Ra.

The northern shrine of Amun-Ra consists of a small longitudinal chamber, and on its back wall is Amun-Ra embracing Tuthmosis the Second (Tuthmosis the Second was king after the death of his father Tuthmosis the First, but he died as a young man. Therefore, Hatshepsut assumed the rule because Tuthmosis the Third - her brother - was still young and shepherded So great). On the side walls there are scenes of offering offerings.
The shrine of Amun-Re in the south, which consists of a square room, and decorated with walls offerings.

Pharaoh website presents a series of articles about ancient Pharaonic temples such as Abu Simbel Temple - Karnak Temples Group - Temple of Hatshepsut and a large collection of ancient Egyptian temples have started in Abu Simbel Temple and the second group of Karnak temples divided into three articles In this article we get to know the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut is a magnificent magician in all the details of so many and to meet to learn together on the temples of the pharaohs, the secrets of the pharaohs, the pyramids of the pharaohs, the wonders of the pharaohs, the kings and queens of the pharaohs.