Temple of Karnak constructed by kings of the Pharaohs part One

Temple of Karnak constructed by kings of the Pharaohs

Karnak, or Karnak Temples, known as the Temple of Karnak, is a collection of temples, buildings, and columns, where expansion and construction continued from the Pharaonic era, particularly the kings of the central state to the Roman era in Luxor in Egypt on the eastern Shatt. The temple was built for the divine trinity of Amun (Amun-Re in modern times), his wife, the goddess Mut, and their son, Khonsu, each with a temple belonging to the temple complex of Karnak. Sometimes tourists and non-specialists mean the Karnak temple only the temple belonging to Amun Ai Amun Re.
The temple is named after the city of Karnak, a modern name distorted from the Arabic word Khornag, meaning fortified village, which had been launched on many temples in the region during this period. While the temple was first known as "Bar Amon" any temple of Amun or House of Amun, and during the Middle Kingdom was called the name of Ibt Sot, which means the most selected places (sometimes translated by the spot) and this name was found on the walls of the cabin of Senusert I in Pelon the third. The temple was also known by many names, including Nesut-Toa, the throne of the two states, and Abet Iset, the most magnificent headquarters.

The Egyptians called the Temple of Karnak beginning at least from the time of Senusert the first name "Abt Sot." This name was mentioned in the white compartment opposite the campus of Karnak and "Abt Sot may mean the spot chosen for the Thrones of the Gods." In fact, this designation is limited to only a part of the temple, which extends from the fourth edifice to the hall "Brother Meno", a holy area from the beginning of the eighteenth dynasty until the reign of Amenhotep IV. The name was given to the Temple of Karnak before the reign of Senusert I was most likely "Bar Amun" any house Amon has been mentioned on a painting dating back to the era before the second of the kings of the 11th Dynasty. During the Ptolemaic period in Egypt, the Temple of Karnak was called "Bit Har Sa Ta", ie the sky above the earth.

Opinions differed on the Arabic name of the temple, which is Karnak; some see that the word Karnak Arabic is no longer used now in Upper Egypt, but still used in Sudan and means "fortified village" This may apply to the Temple of Karnak It seems to the beholder in the huge Sura "fortified village" .... Some believe that the word Karnak came from the word "Alkhornag" (a place in Iraq near Najaf, where al-Numan bin al-Manzar had been built a palace) and the word was then distracted in the books of European scientists to "Karnak" ... Karnak is due to the name of the village near the temple and known by the same name.

The designation of the temple was related to the ancient Egyptian belief that Thebes was the first city founded on the primitive hill that rose from the chaos at the beginning of the earth's formation. At that time the god Atom (sometimes the god Ptah) stood on the hill to begin making creation. It was also believed that the site of the temple is this land and the temple was raised in this spot for this reason. Karnak was also thought to be an ancient observatory, as well as a place of worship where the god Amun interacts directly with the people of the earth.

There was a habit of stuffing the edifices or temples with the remains of stones, such as Hor Moheb, who filled the three edifices he had built with the remains of the stones of the temple of Aten, which was built by Akhenaten after he was demolished by Hor Hor, and Amenhotep the Third, who filled his third edifice with many stones, including the booths of Senusert I of the state. Middle and several other things.
With the arrival of the kings of the eleventh dynasty to the full reign of Egypt, Karnak was already considered a sacred land, it seems that some form of worship of the god Amun took place from the Karnak piece before the unification of the country, which had a direct impact on increasing the power and wealth of Amun and gradually integrated with the sun god Ra. The White Chapel of Senusert I and the Middle Kingdom Court are the oldest remains of the buildings within the temple area. Sonsert I began construction from 1971 BC until 1926 BC, limestone was used in the construction.
The era of the modern state was the golden age of Karnak, because the kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty, the first dynasty in the Old Kingdom, were interested in the cult of Amun after he was merged with Ra and became Amun-Re, and worshiped him as the god of war. Since the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Dynasty was famous for military expansion, it was necessary to pay attention Amenhotep I was the first to consider building a temple for Amun-Re in that spot, which was the same spot on which the ancient temple was built in the Middle Kingdom, followed by Tuthmosis I and erected the fourth and fifth edifices and two red granite obelisks. List to date It was followed by Queen Hatshepsut, who ruled for 23 years and constructed the eighth edifice. There are still signs of the obelisk based on his existence, as well as the construction of the fourth and fifth edifices and the halls of the yearbooks, and followed by Amenhotep III, which built the third edifice and also the row of giant columns in the hall of celebrations, and followed by Akhenaten, the first unified Pharaoh, who called the worship of Aten and symbol His tablet of the sun and built a temple Karnak, but did not last as soon demolished by Hor Moheb under the influence of priests, and came King Hor Moheb, who tried to appease the priests and set up the second, ninth and tenth edifice.

Parts of the temple The new development by the Antiquities Authority restored all the scattered parts of all the temples inside the Karnak and the development of the front area of ​​the vast area to give the aesthetic appearance in front of the temples and to take pictures of the entire temple temples and several restrooms for visitors. How sound and light is the most beautiful thing that makes the impact speak and reveal what Aery accurately naked eye at night.
The ten edifices of Karnak
Karnak consists of ten monuments with each suspect
First edifice
It is the main entrance to the temple and the last chronological one of the eight entrances to the temple, which was built towards the west, and archaeologists believe that this wall was built by King Ntnabbo of the kings of the Thirtieth Dynasty and the last in ancient Egyptian history.

Second edifice
Constructed by King Horemheb

Third edifice
It was created by King Amenhotep the Third and is now demolished

Fourth edifice
It was built by King Tuthmosis the First

Fifth edifice
It was built by King Tuthmosis the First

The sixth edifice
Built by King Tuthmosis III west, the smallest of all ten edifices, and is a compass as it is two columns of northern granite engraved on the top of the lotus flower, which was sprouting in the sea face and the other opposite to him the southern papyrus, which was growing in the tribal face.

Seventh edifice
It was built by King Thutmose III southward

The Eighth Pylon
Constructed by Queen Hatshepsut

The ninth edifice
Constructed by King Horemheb

The Tenth Pylon
Constructed by King Horemheb

The French-Egyptian expedition restored Karnak when it restored the ninth edifice built by King Hor Moheb on a large number of stones known as the Talat, which was used as a filler for the ninth edifice, which was originally part of the temple of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) in Karnak. In fact, the holy land of Karnak includes beside the great temple of  Amun-Ra several temples of different gods, including what is found in the south, such as the temple of Khonsu and the temple of the gods Apt, including what is in the north, such as Ptah and what is found in the east and then demolished like the temple of Aton. This means that the holy land of Karnak was not only dedicated to the god Amun-Re but also to other gods as we have explained. All these temples and shrines were surrounded by a large wall of mud brick up to a thickness of 12 meters and a length of 550 meters and a width of 480 meters and a height of 20 meters. It contains an area of ​​more than sixty acres and has eight entrances in the north connects the temples of Amun-Re to the temple of Mentou, which is completely devoid of inscriptions; and two entrances in the southeast of them, where there is the tenth edifice connects the temple of the gods Mott and the western ones where the temple of Khonsu and the gate of Ptolemy III (Yorgtis I) leads to Luxor Temple has two entrances in the east and three entrances in the west. The central entrance where the first edifice is located in the main entrance to the temple.

 The stages of the development of this huge temple of Amun-Re most of the kings of the modern state Perhaps the reason for this is that the kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty, in particular, took Amun-Re God to war in other words it was the only means of approaching Amon and the Giver of Victory to establish him the ruler or edifice Or add a column or similar hall, which made this temple so large as the temple was one temple to which he added different elements from different eras and all gathered around the original temple. The Temple of Karnak has no systematic planning and the reason for these great kings who wanted to contribute to the enlargement and added to it increases in more than one aspect.

Amenhotep I of the kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty was the first to consider the construction of a temple for the god Amun-Re in Karnak. He chose the same holy spot where the ancient temple belonging to the Middle Kingdom was taken by Tuthmosis the First after the death of Amenhotep I. Or built a demolished courtyard now to the north-west side of the building of the central state and then set up west of it is known as the fifth edifice and then set up in front of him a hall with Azorean columns and then erected another edifice west, known as the fourth edifice and erected two red granite obelisks still South who are they List so far and reach a height of 19,20 meters.

Hatshepsut and made some changes in the buildings of the temple has erected between the fifth and fourth edifices still north of them still stand up to a height of 29.25 meters has forced this to remove the roof of the hall with columns and columns Azorian erected by Tuthmosis I, although we do not know so far the reasons why Hatshepsut built these two obelisks in this very narrow place, and the place was crowded, especially as they were rising above the squats. Hatshepsut also built some of the booths on both sides of the sacred canoe. She added in the southern area of ​​the Temple of Amun in Karnak a new edifice. Eighth edifice.

Pharaoh site offers you a series of articles on ancient Pharaonic temples such as the Temple of Abu Simbel - Karnak Temples Group - Temple of Hatshepsut and a large group of ancient Egyptian temples have started the temple of Abu Simbel and secondly a group of temples Karnak divided into three articles and that the details of the Temple of Karnak very much and to meet in the second part of Articles on Karnak Temples.

Website Pharaoh

Temple of Abu Simbel 

Karnak Temples and Pharaohs Kings Part II
Temple of Karnak Temple of Ramses III Part III 

Temple of Hatshepsut in Luxor charming

 Article Source:   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnak